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Fact-check log

How every fact on this site was checked

138 facts. Each one is in our own words, each one has a source, and each one was checked against that source on 13 November 2026.

How we check

We read each source and wrote each fact in our own words. Our build stores the text of every source page, and for each fact it checks that the key words and figures, the “checks” in the table, really appear on the source page. If any check fails, the site does not build. Where good sources disagree, we show each version in a “Sources differ” box rather than picking one. Anything that is our view rather than a sourced fact is labelled “Our opinion”.

Known disagreements

What we left out

The log

#FactSourceChecks
1The Great Laxey Wheel is also called Lady Isabella; in Manx it is Queeyl Vooar Laksey.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)2 passed
2Manx National Heritage calls it the Isle of Man’s most iconic landmark.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
3Manx National Heritage describes it as the largest working water wheel in the world.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
4The same charity’s Google Arts & Culture story is more careful: the largest working waterwheel in the British Isles.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
5Its 2026 access guide is more careful still: the largest surviving working water wheel of its kind in the world.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
6A 2024 Manx National Heritage news story calls it the largest working historic water wheel in the world.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)1 passed
7It is 72 feet 6 inches across, which Manx National Heritage gives as over 22 metres.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
8Manx National Heritage’s news releases give the diameter as 22.1 metres.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)1 passed
9The access guide rounds it to 22 metres, or 72.5 feet.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
10In 1854 the Illustrated London News reported the wheel as 6 feet broad in the waterway.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
11There are 168 buckets around the rim.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
12Each bucket holds 24 gallons of water.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
13The wheel’s power is estimated at 185 to 200 horsepower.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
14The wheel case carries the Isle of Man’s coat of arms, the three legs of Man.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel2 passed
15On the Manx flag the same triskelion sits on a red background.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
16Manx National Heritage’s Google Arts & Culture story says it is the most visited attraction on the Isle of Man.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
17It has drawn visitors to Laxey for over 170 years.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
18It stands in the Glen Mooar valley, above the village of Laxey on the east of the Island.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
19Zinc and lead ore were found in the Laxey valley in the 1780s.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
20The Northern Mine Research Society dates the start of work to around 1770, with a shallow level driven into the vein.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
21In 1797 came the main adit, the tunnel that became the main haulage and lowest drainage level.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
22For many decades flooding was a major problem for the men working underground.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
23In 1836 the river broke into the mines and five men drowned.Northern Mine Research Society: British Mining No 3 (1976), Isle of Man mines2 passed
24The Laxey Mining Company was formed in 1848.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
25The lead ore had a high silver content.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
26At full production the mine produced more zinc than any other mine in the British Isles.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
27At its height the company employed over 600 people.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
28Visit Isle of Man says it produced half of the UK’s zinc ore output.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
29In 1864 output passed 1,000 tons of lead ore, and the mine raised 5,356 tons of zinc ore.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine2 passed
30In 1854 the Illustrated London News reported about 90 tons of silver-lead ore and about 260 tons of zinc ore a month.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)2 passed
31The same report counted eight large water-wheels and one steam engine at the works.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
32Casement chose water because the Isle of Man had no coal to fire steam engines.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
33Casement proposed a wheel twice the size of the existing one.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
34It was one of several water wheels pumping the Great Laxey Mine, but the largest.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
35Miners worked two shifts, 6am to 2pm and 2pm to 10pm.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
36Each shift began with a long, slow climb down ladders.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
37Between 1831 and 1926, 36 men died in the mines and there were 55 other serious mishaps.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
38Before going down, each man stuck a lump of softened clay on his hat to hold a lit candle.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)2 passed
39To save the long climbs, a man engine was put into Welsh Shaft in 1881, but it did not start work until March 1883.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine2 passed
40After 31 men died when a man-engine beam broke at Levant Mine in Cornwall, the Laxey man engine was closed.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
41Facing long climbs again, the men went on a strike that lasted three years.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
42Ore was hauled out of the mine on two small steam locomotives built in 1870.Northern Mine Research Society: British Mining No 3 (1976), Isle of Man mines2 passed
43The water pumped from the mine carried toxic metals, including lead, and badly polluted the river.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
44By the 1890s the best seams were worked out and ore prices were falling, and many miners left for America or Africa.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
45In Ham and Egg Terrace, miners’ cottages below the wheel, women opened cafés in their front rooms for the tourists.BBC One: Villages by the Sea, Series 3, Laxey2 passed
46The Engine Shaft, which the wheel pumped, was 247 fathoms deep below adit level.Historically Manx: Great Laxey Mines, Engine Shaft1 passed
47That is about 452 metres, or 1,483 feet.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
48The Northern Mine Research Society puts it at about 455 metres below the adit.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
49Sinking of the Engine Shaft began in 1820.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
50By 1900 the mine was nearly 600 metres deep.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
51Visit Isle of Man says the mine was more than 670 metres deep.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
52In 1854 the mine was reported as 200 fathoms deep and getting deeper, which is why such a big wheel was needed.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)2 passed
53The paper said the wheel could pump 250 gallons a minute from 200 fathoms.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
54Depths were measured from adit level, which is itself as much as 250 feet underground.Northern Mine Research Society: British Mining No 3 (1976), Isle of Man mines1 passed
55The Engine Shaft held five pumps, 50 fathoms apart, each lifting the water to the next.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel2 passed
56It was designed by local engineer Robert Casement.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
57Casement was a self-taught engineer.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
58He designed the wheel, the water supply and the pumping machinery.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
59The axle, hub and cranks were cast in 1850–51 by the Mersey Steel and Iron Company of Liverpool and brought over by boat.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel2 passed
60The 1854 report says the axle was hammered iron, 17 feet long, 21 inches thick and 10 tons in weight.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
61The arms were wooden, with a cast-iron rim from Gelling’s Foundry in Douglas.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
62The crankshaft alone weighs two and a half tonnes.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
63Like all the wheel’s wooden parts, the oak timbers of the long rod were made by local craftsmen.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
64Lady Isabella was officially opened on 27 September 1854.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
65She was named after Lady Isabella Hope, wife of the Lieutenant Governor, Sir Charles Hope.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
66Shortly before noon more than 500 mine workers in their holiday best, with musicians, walked up through the village to the wheel.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
67They were led by the mine company’s chairman, George W Dumbell.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
68The Illustrated London News reported 3,000 to 4,000 people at the fête.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
69The Manx Sun hailed it as the “largest wheel in Europe”.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
70The wheel made the Illustrated London News on 14 October 1854 as a “Gigantic water-wheel”.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
71The same report noted a new church for the miners and schools for their children.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
72The tradition of naming and starting the wheel with the Governor’s wife began in 1854 and was repeated at the 2022 reopening.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
73It runs on rainwater from the Laxey hillside, carried by lades and cisterns.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
74The water comes in a closed pipe from a cistern higher than the top of the wheel, and rises up the tower beside it like a siphon.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel2 passed
75In 1854 the paper explained the puzzle: there is no aqueduct to the top, because the water rises through an iron tube inside the slender white tower.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)2 passed
76Water that had already driven a turbine engine higher up the glen was collected and sent down to drive the Great Wheel.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
77Lady Isabella is a pitchback (backshot) wheel: the water drops into the buckets just before the top, so the wheel turns towards the water tower.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel2 passed
78The Illustrated London News in 1854 called it a “breast-shot” wheel, not an overshot.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
79British Mining No 3 (1976) calls it a pitch back shot water wheel.Northern Mine Research Society: British Mining No 3 (1976), Isle of Man mines2 passed
80The weight of water in the buckets drives the wheel round.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
81A crank turns the wheel’s round-and-round motion into a push-and-pull along a line of timber rods.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
82At the shaft, a T-rocker turns that back-and-forth push into the up-and-down stroke of the pump rod.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
83The 1854 report gives a 10-foot stroke at the crank and 8 feet in the shaft.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)1 passed
84The pumps lifted the flood water up to the main adit, where it drained to the Laxey River and the sea.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel2 passed
85The rod ran on rollers, to cut friction as it was pulled back and forth.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
86The oscillating rod was 210 yards (192 metres) long, made of 17 oak timbers joined with iron plates.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
87The 1854 report gives the line of rods as 600 feet long, of solid oak strapped with wrought iron.Illustrated London News, 14 October 1854: Gigantic water-wheel (transcribed by Frances Coakley, A Manx Note Book)2 passed
88Google Arts & Culture puts the pumps in the engine shaft 183 metres (600 feet) from the wheel.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
89The rod duct carrying it is about 200 yards long, built like a Roman aqueduct.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
90The rod duct has 32 arches, with a circular portal between each pair.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
91A 2024 Manx National Heritage release says the original 32 arches extended over 169 metres along the valley.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)1 passed
92The footpath along the bottom of the rod duct, on the western side, is finished with pebbles from Laxey Beach.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
93In September 1930 a flash flood washed away several arches and left the rod hanging in mid-air.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
94Sixteen sets of bogies, little wheels, carry the connecting rods back and forth along the viaduct.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
95The T-rocker weighs nine tonnes and is 10 metres long.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
96Manx National Heritage says the mine closed for the last time in 1929, and the wheel stopped and was abandoned.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
97The charity’s Google Arts & Culture story says mining continued until the mine was abandoned in 1932.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
98The Northern Mine Research Society says a much reduced workforce worked on until closure in 1934.Northern Mine Research Society: Laxey Mine1 passed
99Even before the mine was abandoned, the wheel had become an important tourist destination.Manx National Heritage on Google Arts & Culture: Laxey Wheel1 passed
100The BBC says it was a pioneer of the industrial tourism craze among Victorian and Edwardian visitors.BBC One: Villages by the Sea, Series 3, Laxey1 passed
101In December 1937 Edwin Kneale, a Lonan man, leased the wheel from its private owner and began repairing it.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)2 passed
102He was 32, and risked his livelihood to save the wheel from demolition.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
103When the wheel was put up for auction in October 1946, Kneale bought it before the sale.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
104He refurbished it at his own expense.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
105In 1965 he transferred ownership to the Isle of Man Government.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
106Ownership later passed to the Manx Museum and National Trust, and the Island’s heritage charity looks after it today.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
107New Manx Worthies says all Manx people have that one man to thank.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
108Mechanical failure stopped the wheel in September 2020.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
109It turned again in October 2022, after extensive work.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
110Lady Lorimer, wife of the Lieutenant Governor Sir John Lorimer, set it turning at the official reopening.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
111That first phase was the most comprehensive conservation work on Lady Isabella since her restoration almost 40 years earlier.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
112Phase one replaced old render and decayed timbers, repaired the ironwork and repainted the wheel, housing, railings and viewing platform.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
113Manx National Heritage says conservation on this scale happens only once or twice in a lifetime.Manx National Heritage news: Official reopening of the Great Laxey Wheel (13 October 2022)1 passed
114Phase two began in March 2024, with the Isle of Man firm CCJ Group as contractor.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)2 passed
115Phase two covers the rod duct and the T-rocker, rods, bogies, timbers and ironwork, so the wheel can drive them once again.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)1 passed
116It includes new hardwood timber rods, and repointing and lime-washing the viaduct masonry.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
117The T-rocker sits in the valley beyond the reach of normal cranes, so it was dismantled inside a custom-made scaffold.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel2 passed
118Once finished, the surviving mechanisms will be back in full working order.Isle of Man Today: Pictures show behind the scenes of work to restore the famous Laxey wheel1 passed
119Manx National Heritage calls it an award-winning project.Manx National Heritage news: Conservation of the Great Laxey Wheel, Phase 2 begins (7 March 2024)1 passed
120On BBC One’s Villages by the Sea, Ben Robinson met Matthew Boyd, who was repairing and restoring the wheel.BBC One: Villages by the Sea, Series 3, Laxey1 passed
121Next, the old ticket office is being removed now the new Visitor Welcome Hub and Shop is open.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)2 passed
122That old ticket office welcomed over a million visitors in 40 years.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
123Manx National Heritage’s visiting page says 95 spiral steps lead up to the viewing platform above the wheel.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
124Its learning page and Visit Isle of Man both say 96 steps to the top.Manx National Heritage: Museum on the Move, Laxey Wheel1 passed
125Visit Isle of Man also says 96 steps.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
126At the top you can feel the rush of water as the wheel turns beneath your feet.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
127Beyond the wheel, a mines trail leads to the entrance of the mine.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
128The site is usually open seasonally, from Easter to October.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
129When we checked in November 2026, the visiting page said it reopens in March 2027.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
130The address is Wheel Hill, Mines Road, Laxey, IM4 7NL.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
131Laxey is on the Douglas to Ramsey bus route, about 25 minutes from Douglas, then a 10 to 15 minute walk.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)2 passed
132The historic Manx Electric Railway also runs to Laxey from Douglas and Ramsey.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
133The wheel sits at the top of Wheel Hill, a steep tarmac hill.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
134Wheelchair access is limited by uneven paths, and carers of disabled visitors go free.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)2 passed
135Snacks and water are sold at the shop, and picnics are encouraged.Manx National Heritage: Access Guide to the Great Laxey Wheel and Mines Trail (2026)1 passed
136From the top there are panoramic views of the Glen Mooar valley.Manx National Heritage: The Great Laxey Wheel, Queeyl Vooar Laksey (visiting page, read 13 November 2026)1 passed
137Visit Isle of Man’s 2025 history post gives the grand opening as 27 September 1954, an obvious slip for 1854.Visit Isle of Man: The history of the Great Laxey Wheel (May 2025)1 passed
138British Mining No 3 (1976) says the wheel pumped from some 300 fathoms under adit.Northern Mine Research Society: British Mining No 3 (1976), Isle of Man mines1 passed